01 - Preheat the oven to 425°F. Line a baking sheet with parchment paper or lightly grease it.
02 - In a large bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, baking soda, salt, and caraway seeds until well blended.
03 - If using raisins or currants, stir them into the dry mixture until evenly coated with flour.
04 - In a separate bowl, whisk together the buttermilk, beaten egg, and melted butter until combined.
05 - Create a well in the center of the dry ingredients. Pour in the wet mixture and mix gently with a wooden spoon or hands until a shaggy dough forms. Avoid overmixing.
06 - Turn the dough onto a lightly floured surface. Knead gently just until it comes together, about 10-12 turns. Shape into a round loaf approximately 7-8 inches in diameter.
07 - Transfer the loaf to the prepared baking sheet. Use a sharp knife to cut a deep X across the top of the bread. Bake for 35-40 minutes until golden brown and hollow sounding when tapped on the bottom.
08 - Allow the bread to cool on a wire rack for at least 30 minutes before slicing to ensure proper texture.